Open Grow Guide

Plants toxic to cats

By Open Grow Guide Updated

Thirty plants make up this list, each with a toxicity position recorded by a source we cite. Groups like the ASPCA and veterinary toxicology services track which plants pose a risk to cats and dogs. Every plant here matches an entry on one of those lists, listed under its own name or an older synonym. Some are houseplants you likely already own, such as pothos and monstera. Others are garden shrubs, trees, or wild plants found along a trail or a fence line. A few, like garlic and cacao, are kitchen staples more than garden plants. This hub does not try to cover every plant that could harm a cat or dog. It covers only the plants with their own page on this site and a documented source behind them. Each plant's page holds the details: which parts raise concern, what signs to watch for, and which source said so. If a cat or dog has eaten part of a plant, do not wait to see what happens. Call your vet or a pet poison line right away, and keep the plant's name on hand. Treat this page as a starting point for checking your home and yard, not as a full safety guide on its own.

How to read this list

Browse the list below to see which plants on this site have a recorded toxicity position. A click on any name takes you to that plant's own page, where the full detail lives. That page names the parts of concern, the signs to watch for, and the exact source behind the listing. A single plant can show up on more than one hub, as a houseplant, a garden plant, and a toxin at once. This hub only gathers plants into one place; it does not replace the detail on each plant's own page. Use it to scan quickly, then open the page for the plant you want to check.

The 138 plants

Each row cites the sources for its toxicity record on the plant's own page.
Plant Cats Dogs Note
rosarypea (Abrus precatorius), whole plant Rosarypea Abrus precatorius Toxic to cats (1 source) 1 Toxic to dogs 12
common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), whole plant Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium Toxic to cats 34 Toxic to dogs 34
black baneberry (Actaea racemosa), whole plant Black Baneberry Actaea racemosa Toxic to cats (1 source) 5 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 5
desert-rose (Adenium obesum), whole plant Desert-rose Adenium obesum Toxic to cats 67 Toxic to dogs 67
Ohio Buckeye Aesculus glabra Toxic to cats (1 source) 8 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 8
horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), whole plant Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Toxic to cats (1 source) 9 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 9
American century plant (Agave americana), whole plant American Century Plant Agave americana Toxic to cats (1 source) 10 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 11
garden onion (Allium cepa), whole plant Garden Onion Allium cepa Toxic to cats 1213 Toxic to dogs 1213
welsh onion (Allium fistulosum), whole plant Welsh Onion Allium fistulosum Toxic to cats (1 source) 13 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 13
cultivated garlic (Allium sativum), whole plant Cultivated Garlic Allium sativum Toxic to cats 1415 Toxic to dogs 1415 Cooks grow garlic for its strong flavor, and the same bulb appears on toxicity lists for pets kept nearby.
Barbados aloe (Aloe vera), whole plant Barbados Aloe Aloe vera Toxic to cats (1 source) 16 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 16
lemon beebrush (Aloysia citrodora), whole plant Lemon Beebrush Aloysia citrodora Toxic to cats 1718 Toxic to dogs 1718
belladonna lily (Amaryllis belladonna), flower Belladonna Lily Amaryllis belladonna Toxic to cats 1920 Toxic to dogs 1920
flamingo-lily (Anthurium andraeanum), whole plant Flamingo-lily Anthurium andraeanum Toxic to cats 2122 Toxic to dogs 2122
Indianhemp (Apocynum cannabinum), whole plant Indianhemp Apocynum cannabinum Toxic to cats (1 source) 23 Toxic to dogs 2324
Jack in the pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), whole plant Jack in the Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Toxic to cats (1 source) 25 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 25
absinthium (Artemisia absinthium), whole plant Absinthium Artemisia absinthium Toxic to cats (1 source) 26 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 26
Italian lords and ladies (Arum italicum), whole plant Italian Lords and Ladies Arum italicum Toxic to cats 2728 Toxic to dogs 2728
cuckoo pint (Arum maculatum), whole plant Cuckoo Pint Arum maculatum Toxic to cats (1 source) 29 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 29
common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), whole plant Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Toxic to cats 3031 Toxic to dogs 3031
butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa), whole plant Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa Toxic to cats (1 source) 31 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 31
common asparagus fern (Asparagus setaceus), whole plant Common Asparagus Fern Asparagus setaceus Toxic to cats (1 source) 32 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 32
belladonna (Atropa bella-donna), whole plant Belladonna Atropa bella-donna Toxic to cats 333435 Toxic to dogs 333435 Known by the common name deadly nightshade, this plant has long been associated with poisoning in both people and animals.
common box (Buxus sempervirens), whole plant Boxwood Buxus sempervirens Toxic to cats 3637 Toxic to dogs 3637
pride-of-Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), whole plant Pride-of-Barbados Caesalpinia pulcherrima Toxic to cats (1 source) 38 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 38
giant milkweed (Calotropis gigantea), whole plant Giant Milkweed Calotropis gigantea Toxic to cats (1 source) 39 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 39
tea (Camellia sinensis), whole plant Tea Camellia sinensis Toxic to cats (1 source) 40 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 40
camphortree (Camphora officinarum), whole plant Camphortree Camphora officinarum Toxic to cats (1 source) 41 Not documented by major sources
ilang-ilang (Cananga odorata), whole plant Ilang-ilang Cananga odorata Toxic to cats (1 source) 42 Not documented by major sources
cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), whole plant Cayenne Pepper Capsicum annuum Toxic to cats Severity reported: Mild 4344 Toxic to dogs 4344
Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), flower Madagascar Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus Toxic to cats (1 source) 45 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 45
night jessamine (Cestrum nocturnum), whole plant Night Jessamine Cestrum nocturnum Toxic to cats (1 source) 46 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 46
garden croton (Codiaeum variegatum), leaf Garden Croton Codiaeum variegatum Toxic to cats (1 source) 47 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 47
Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica), whole plant Arabian Coffee Coffea arabica Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Severe 48 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 48
autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale), whole plant Autumn Crocus Colchicum autumnale Toxic to cats 4950 Toxic to dogs 4950
Mexican mint (Coleus amboinicus), whole plant Mexican Mint Coleus amboinicus Toxic to cats (1 source) 51 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 51
poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), leaf Poison Hemlock Conium maculatum Toxic to cats 525354 Toxic to dogs 525354 Found growing along roadsides and ditches, poison hemlock is one of the more dangerous plants on this list.
jade plant (Crassula ovata), whole plant Jade Plant Crassula ovata Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 55 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 55
sago palm (Cycas revoluta), whole plant Sago Palm Cycas revoluta Toxic to cats 5657 Toxic to dogs 5658
pricklyburr (Datura metel), whole plant Pricklyburr Datura metel Toxic to cats (1 source) 59 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 59
jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), whole plant Jimsonweed Datura stramonium Toxic to cats (1 source) 60 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 60 Also called thorn apple, this plant grows wild in fields and disturbed ground across much of the country.
sacred thorn-apple (Datura wrightii), whole plant Sacred Thorn-apple Datura wrightii Toxic to cats (1 source) 61 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 61
sweetwilliam (Dianthus barbatus), whole plant Sweetwilliam Dianthus barbatus Toxic to cats (1 source) 62 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 62
carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), whole plant Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus Toxic to cats (1 source) 63 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 63
purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), whole plant Purple Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Toxic to cats 6465 Toxic to dogs 6466
Dracaena angolensis, whole plant Dracaena angolensis Dracaena angolensis Toxic to cats (1 source) 67 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 67
dragontree (Dracaena draco), whole plant Dragontree Dracaena draco Toxic to cats 6869 Toxic to dogs 6869
fragrant dracaena (Dracaena fragrans), whole plant Fragrant Dracaena Dracaena fragrans Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 70 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 70
Dracaena masoniana, whole plant Dracaena masoniana Dracaena masoniana Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 71 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 71
viper's bowstring hemp (Dracaena trifasciata), whole plant Snake Plant Dracaena trifasciata Toxic to cats Severity reported: Mild 7273 Toxic to dogs 7273
golden dewdrops (Duranta erecta), whole plant Golden Dewdrops Duranta erecta Toxic to cats (1 source) 74 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 74
Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides), whole plant Mexican Tea Dysphania ambrosioides Toxic to cats (1 source) 75 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 75
centipede tongavine (Epipremnum aureum), whole plant Pothos Epipremnum aureum Toxic to cats Severity reported: Moderate 767778 Toxic to dogs 767778 A trailing vine sold under the name pothos, this plant grows easily indoors with little care.
Indonesian gum (Eucalyptus deglupta), habit Indonesian Gum Eucalyptus deglupta Toxic to cats (1 source) 79 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 79
Tasmanian bluegum (Eucalyptus globulus), whole plant Tasmanian Bluegum Eucalyptus globulus Toxic to cats (1 source) 79 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 79
pillpod sandmat (Euphorbia hirta), flower Pillpod Sandmat Euphorbia hirta Toxic to cats (1 source) 80 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 80
eyebane (Euphorbia maculata), whole plant Eyebane Euphorbia maculata Toxic to cats (1 source) 81 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 81
christplant (Euphorbia milii), whole plant Christplant Euphorbia milii Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 82 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 82
poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), flower Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Toxic to cats 8384 Toxic to dogs 8384
weeping fig (Ficus benjamina), whole plant Weeping Fig Ficus benjamina Toxic to cats Severity reported: Mild 8586 Toxic to dogs 8586
rubber plant (Ficus elastica), leaf Rubber Plant Ficus elastica Toxic to cats 8788 Toxic to dogs 8788
fiddle leaf fig (Ficus lyrata), leaf Fiddle Leaf Fig Ficus lyrata Toxic to cats 8990 Toxic to dogs 8990
Cape jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides), whole plant Cape Jasmine Gardenia jasminoides Toxic to cats (1 source) 91 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 91
maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), whole plant Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba Toxic to cats (1 source) 92 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 92
English ivy (Hedera helix), whole plant English Ivy Hedera helix Toxic to cats (1 source) 93 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 93
daylily (Hemerocallis fulva), whole plant Daylily Hemerocallis fulva Toxic to cats Severity reported: Potentially fatal 949596 Non-toxic to dogs 9796
octopus tree (Heptapleurum actinophyllum), whole plant Octopus Tree Heptapleurum actinophyllum Toxic to cats (1 source) 98 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 98
dwarf umbrella tree (Heptapleurum arboricola), flower Dwarf Umbrella Tree Heptapleurum arboricola Toxic to cats Severity reported: Mild 99100 Toxic to dogs 99100
giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), whole plant Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum Toxic to cats (1 source) 101 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 101
common cowparsnip (Heracleum maximum), whole plant Common Cowparsnip Heracleum maximum Toxic to cats (1 source) 102 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 102
wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), whole plant Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens Toxic to cats 103104 Toxic to dogs 103104
French hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), whole plant French Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla Toxic to cats 105104 Toxic to dogs 105104
panicled hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata), whole plant Panicled Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata Toxic to cats (1 source) 104 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 104
common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum), flower Common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum Toxic to cats 106107 Toxic to dogs 106107
Tropical White Morning-glory Ipomoea alba Toxic to cats 108109110 Toxic to dogs 108110
stinking willie (Jacobaea vulgaris), whole plant Stinking Willie Jacobaea vulgaris Toxic to cats (1 source) 111 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 111
Madagascar widow's-thrill (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana), habit Madagascar Widow's-thrill Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Toxic to cats Severity reported: Potentially fatal 112113 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 112
Devil's Backbone Kalanchoe daigremontiana Toxic to cats (1 source) 112 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 112
cathedral bells (Kalanchoe pinnata), leaf Cathedral Bells Kalanchoe pinnata Toxic to cats 112113 Toxic to dogs 112113
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), whole plant Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia Toxic to cats (1 source) 114 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 114
lantana (Lantana camara), whole plant Lantana Lantana camara Toxic to cats 115116 Toxic to dogs 115117116 Grown for its clusters of small, bright flowers, this shrub is a common choice for garden beds and hedges.
sweet bay (Laurus nobilis), flower Sweet Bay Laurus nobilis Toxic to cats 118119 Toxic to dogs 118119
English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), whole plant English Lavender Lavandula angustifolia Toxic to cats (1 source) 120 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 120
mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus), whole plant Madonna Lily Lilium candidum Toxic to cats 121122 Non-toxic to dogs 121123
tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium), whole plant Tiger Lily Lilium lancifolium Toxic to cats 124125126 Non-toxic to dogs 124125
cardinalflower (Lobelia cardinalis), flower Cardinalflower Lobelia cardinalis Toxic to cats (1 source) 127 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 127
red spider lily (Lycoris radiata), whole plant Red Spider Lily Lycoris radiata Toxic to cats (1 source) 128 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 128
European crab apple (Malus domestica), whole plant European Crab Apple Malus domestica Toxic to cats (1 source) 129 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 129
Chinaberrytree (Melia azedarach), whole plant Chinaberrytree Melia azedarach Toxic to cats 130131 Toxic to dogs 130131
marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa), whole plant Marvel of Peru Mirabilis jalapa Toxic to cats (1 source) 132 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 132
tarovine (Monstera deliciosa), habit Monstera Monstera deliciosa Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 133 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 133 Its large, split leaves have made this plant a common sight in living rooms and offices.
daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus), flower Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus Toxic to cats 134135136 Toxic to dogs 134135136
cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), whole plant Cultivated Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Toxic to cats (1 source) 137 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 137
sorrel (Oxalis triangularis), whole plant Sorrel Oxalis triangularis Toxic to cats 138139 Toxic to dogs 138139
Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), whole plant Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Severe 140 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 140
bluecrown passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), flower Bluecrown Passionflower Passiflora caerulea Toxic to cats (1 source) 141 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 141
purple granadilla (Passiflora edulis), flower Purple Granadilla Passiflora edulis Toxic to cats (1 source) 142 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 142
purple passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), whole plant Purple Passionflower Passiflora incarnata Toxic to cats (1 source) 142 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 142
parsley (Petroselinum crispum), whole plant Parsley Petroselinum crispum Toxic to cats (1 source) 143 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 143
vilevine (Philodendron hederaceum), whole plant Vilevine Philodendron hederaceum Toxic to cats 144145 Toxic to dogs 144145
American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), whole plant American Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Toxic to cats (1 source) 146 Toxic to dogs 146147
little hogweed (Portulaca oleracea), whole plant Little Hogweed Portulaca oleracea Toxic to cats 148149 Toxic to dogs 148149
sweet cherry (Prunus avium), whole plant Sweet Cherry Prunus avium Toxic to cats Severity reported: Mild 150151 Toxic to dogs 150151
cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera), whole plant Cherry Plum Prunus cerasifera Toxic to cats (1 source) 152 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 152
sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), whole plant Sour Cherry Prunus cerasus Toxic to cats 153151 Toxic to dogs 153151
European plum (Prunus domestica), whole plant European Plum Prunus domestica Toxic to cats (1 source) 152 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 152
cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), flower Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus Toxic to cats (1 source) 150 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 150
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), whole plant Japanese Apricot Prunus mume Toxic to cats (1 source) 154 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 154
European bird cherry (Prunus padus), whole plant European Bird Cherry Prunus padus Toxic to cats (1 source) 151 Toxic to dogs 151150
black cherry (Prunus serotina), whole plant Black Cherry Prunus serotina Toxic to cats 155156150 Toxic to dogs 155156150
chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), whole plant Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Toxic to cats (1 source) 157 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 157
common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), whole plant Common Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica Toxic to cats (1 source) 158 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 158
black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), whole plant Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Toxic to cats 159160 Toxic to dogs 159161
blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), flower Blackeyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Toxic to cats (1 source) 162 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 162
curly dock (Rumex crispus), whole plant Curly Dock Rumex crispus Toxic to cats 163164 Toxic to dogs 163164
bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), whole plant Bitter Dock Rumex obtusifolius Toxic to cats (1 source) 163 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 163
black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), whole plant Black Elderberry Sambucus nigra Toxic to cats (1 source) 165 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 166
American black nightshade (Solanum americanum), habit American Black Nightshade Solanum americanum Toxic to cats (1 source) 167 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 167
Carolina horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), whole plant Carolina Horsenettle Solanum carolinense Toxic to cats (1 source) 168 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 168
climbing nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), whole plant Climbing Nightshade Solanum dulcamara Toxic to cats (1 source) 169 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 169
garden tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), flower Garden Tomato Solanum lycopersicum Toxic to cats (1 source) 170 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 170
eggplant (Solanum melongena), whole plant Eggplant Solanum melongena Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 44 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 44
black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), whole plant Black Nightshade Solanum nigrum Toxic to cats (1 source) 171 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 171
peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii), flower Peace Lily Spathiphyllum wallisii Toxic to cats (1 source) 172 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 172
bird-of-paradise -tree (Strelitzia nicolai), whole plant Bird-of-paradise -tree Strelitzia nicolai Toxic to cats (1 source) 173 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 173
American evergreen (Syngonium podophyllum), habit American Evergreen Syngonium podophyllum Toxic to cats (1 source) 174 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 174
Aztec marigold (Tagetes erecta), flower Aztec Marigold Tagetes erecta Toxic to cats (1 source) Severity reported: Mild 175 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 175
feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), whole plant Feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Toxic to cats (1 source) 176 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 176
English yew (Taxus baccata), whole plant English Yew Taxus baccata Toxic to cats Severity reported: Potentially fatal 177178 Toxic to dogs 177178 Trimmed into hedges and screens, this evergreen conifer is planted widely around homes and churchyards.
cacao (Theobroma cacao), whole plant Cacao Theobroma cacao Toxic to cats 179180 Toxic to dogs 181180
purple queen (Tradescantia pallida), whole plant Purple Queen Tradescantia pallida Toxic to cats (1 source) 182 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 182
inchplant (Tradescantia zebrina), whole plant Inchplant Tradescantia zebrina Toxic to cats (1 source) 183 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 183
stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), whole plant Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica Toxic to cats (1 source) 184 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 184
wine grape (Vitis vinifera), whole plant Wine Grape Vitis vinifera Toxic to cats (1 source) 185 Toxic to dogs 186185
Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), whole plant Joshua Tree Yucca brevifolia Toxic to cats 187188 Toxic to dogs 187188
Adam's needle (Yucca filamentosa), whole plant Adam's Needle Yucca filamentosa Toxic to cats 187188 Toxic to dogs 187188
Zamioculcas zamiifolia, whole plant Zamioculcas zamiifolia Zamioculcas zamiifolia Toxic to cats (1 source) 189 Toxic to dogs (1 source) 189
calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica), whole plant Calla Lily Zantedeschia aethiopica Toxic to cats 190191 Toxic to dogs 190191

What these plants have in common

A plant lands on this hub when at least one source names cats, dogs, or both in a toxicity entry. Some entries carry a severity noted by the source, such as mild stomach upset or a more serious reaction. Other entries simply say a plant is toxic, without rating how severe the reaction tends to be. A plant that is not listed here is not the same as a plant proven safe. It may simply be a species no major source has studied or published a position on. The ASPCA and veterinary poison control groups do not cover every plant sold or grown, so gaps in the record are common. Where a plant is listed as non-toxic to cats and dogs by the sources cited on its page, that page says so directly. This hub does not rank plants by danger or claim to be a complete record of toxic plants. Check the specific page for a plant before assuming anything about its safety one way or the other.

What to do if your pet eats one

Sources

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  33. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/deadly-nightshade. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  34. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/atropa-bella-donna/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  35. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/belladonna/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  36. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/boxwood. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  37. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/buxus-sempervirens/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  38. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/barbados-pride. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  39. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/milkweed/. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  40. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/caffeine/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  41. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/camphor/. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  42. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/uncategorized/essential-oils-cats/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  43. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/ornamental-pepper. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  44. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/nightshade/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  45. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/vinca. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  46. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cestrum/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  47. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/croton/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  48. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/java-beans/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  49. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/autumn-crocus. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  50. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/colchicum-autumnale/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  51. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/coleus. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  52. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/poison-hemlock. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  53. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/poison-hemlock/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  54. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/conium-maculatum/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  55. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/jade-plant. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  56. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/sago-palm. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  57. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cycas-revoluta/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  58. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/sago-palm/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  59. NC State Extension. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/datura-metel/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  60. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/datura-stramonium/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  61. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/datura-wrightii/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  62. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/dianthus-barbatus/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  63. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/carnation. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  64. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/foxglove. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  65. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/digitalis-purpurea/common-name/foxglove/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  66. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/digitalis-purpurea/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  67. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/dracaena-angolensis/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  68. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/dracaena. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  69. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/corn-plant/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  70. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cornstalk-plant. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  71. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/dracaena-masoniana/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  72. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/snake-plant. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  73. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/sansevieria/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  74. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/duranta-erecta/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  75. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/epazote. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  76. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/golden-pothos. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  77. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/epipremnum-aureum/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  78. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/golden-pathos/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  79. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/eucalyptus. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  80. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-hirta/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  81. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-maculata/. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  82. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-milii/. Accessed 12 October 2026.
  83. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/poinsettia. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  84. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/poinsettia/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  85. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/fig. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  86. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/weeping-fig/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  87. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/rubber-tree-plant/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  88. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ficus-elastica/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  89. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ficus-lyrata/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  90. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/news/houseplant-safe-your-pets. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  91. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/gardenia. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  92. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/news/fall-plants-hazardous-or-harmless. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  93. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/english-ivy. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  94. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/orange-day-lily. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  95. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/day-lily/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  96. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/hemerocallis-fulva/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  97. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/day-lilies-many-varieties. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  98. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/octopus-tree. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  99. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/schefflera. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  100. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heptapleurum-arboricola/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  101. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/giant-hogweed. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  102. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cow-parsnip. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  103. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/hydrangea. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  104. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/hydrangea/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  105. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/hortensia. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  106. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/st-johns-wort. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  107. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/hypericum-perforatum/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  108. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/morning-glory. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  109. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/morning-glory/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  110. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ipomoea-alba/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  111. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/ragwort. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  112. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/kalanchoe. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  113. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/kalanchoe/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  114. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/laurel. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  115. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lantana. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  116. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lantana-camara/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  117. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/lantana/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  118. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/bay-laurel. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  119. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/laurus-nobilis/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  120. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lavender. Accessed 13 October 2026.
  121. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lily. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  122. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/easter-lily/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  123. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lilium/. Accessed 1 November 2026.
  124. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/tiger-lily. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  125. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lilium-lancifolium/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  126. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/tiger-lily/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  127. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cardinal-flower. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  128. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lycoris/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  129. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/apple. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  130. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/chinaberry-tree. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  131. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/melia-azedarach/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  132. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/four-oclock/. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  133. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/ceriman. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  134. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/daffodil. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  135. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/narcissus-pseudonarcissus/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  136. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/daffodil/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  137. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/tobacco/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
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  139. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/shamrock/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  140. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/virginia-creeper/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  141. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/passiflora-caerulea/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  142. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/passiflora-incarnata/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
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  144. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/heartleaf-philodendron. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  145. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/heartleaf-philodendron/. Accessed 25 October 2026.
  146. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phytolacca-americana/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  147. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/pokeweed/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  148. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/purslane. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  149. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/portulaca-oleracea/. Accessed 23 September 2026.
  150. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/cherry/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  151. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cherry. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  152. ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/plum. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  153. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-cerasus/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  154. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-mume/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  155. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/black-cherry. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  156. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-serotina/common-name/wild-cherry/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  157. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/choke-cherry. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  158. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
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  160. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/robinia-pseudoacacia/common-name/black-locust/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  161. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/black-locust/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  162. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/pet-safety-tips/quick-spring-refreshers/. Accessed 11 October 2026.
  163. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/dock. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  164. NC State Extension. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rumex-crispus/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  165. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/elderberry/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  166. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/pet-tips/is-elderberry-safe-for-dogs/. Accessed 15 October 2026.
  167. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solanum-americanum/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  168. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solanum-carolinense/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
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  172. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/peace-lily. Accessed 25 October 2026.
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  175. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/marigold/. Accessed 21 October 2026.
  176. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tanacetum-parthenium/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  177. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/yew. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  178. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/japanese-yew/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
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  181. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/uncategorized/chocolate-and-caffeine-toxicity/. Accessed 24 September 2026.
  182. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tradescantia-pallida/common-name/purple-heart/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
  183. NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tradescantia-zebrina/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
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  188. Pet Poison Helpline. https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/yucca/. Accessed 14 October 2026.
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